CEBU CITY—Sharp exchanges punctuated the debate among the
senatorial candidates on what to do to implement the constitutional ban
on political dynasties, the topic of the third and final episode of the
Inquirer Senate Forum here on Friday.
The exchanges crystallized the public’s strong sentiment against
the domination of Philippine politics by a few but influential and
powerful families. The question that surfaced is whether the next Senate
will push legislation to give teeth to the constitutional ban.
The intensity of the debate showed that political dynasties are
one of the most contentious issues in the May 13 midterm elections,
along with the controversial reproductive health (RH) law that has put
the Catholic Church in a collision course with the Aquino
administration, which backed the measure in Congress.
Their stand on the two issues would either make or break the 33
senatorial candidates’ political fortunes, as indicated by the public’s
reaction to them in the three episodes of the Inquirer Senate Forum (the
first was held in the University of the Philippines in Diliman and the
second in Baguio City).
The three forums tapped into the vein of the views of the
senatorial candidates, as the winners will be the policymakers who will
shape the national agenda, including political dynasties, the RH law,
the economy, poverty, education and taxes.
Social cross-section
The eight candidates, who took part in the Cebu forum,
represented a cross-section of society—incumbent office holders, those
seeking reelection, and the NGO (nongovernment organizations) sector,
with no financial base to fund a campaign, unlike the candidates from
political families who had ample resources.
In a way, the candidates from the NGO sector who are seeking
electoral support are pitting themselves against the resources of the
embedded political families. What are their chances against the goliaths
of the dynastic families?
Although they are fighting an uphill battle, the aspiring
“outsiders,” the Inquirer forums have found, are rich in ideas and have
much to offer to the voters. They can, if elected, democratize the
social base of the Senate.
A sort of consensus emerged in the Cebu forum, i.e., there was a
need to level the playing field by bringing down the prohibitive costs
of electoral campaigning, especially of political advertising.
Independent senatorial candidate Teddy Casiño opened fire on the
dynasty issue. After a stint in the House, representing the Left in
Philippine politics, Casiño appeared to have already acquired the airs
of a veteran senator when he pointed out that he had authored several
antidynasty bills, but none of them went to the plenary “because of
opposition from lawmakers belonging to big political families.”
Second-degree
Using his own definition of political dynasty, Casiño said the
wife, children, parents and siblings—or second-degree relatives—should
not be allowed to run for the post being vacated by an outgoing elected
official. Singling out Aurora Rep. Juan Edgardo Angara, Casiño said,
“There are other families who have young and budding politicians.”
Angara is running for the Senate as a candidate of the
administration’s Team PNoy, led by President Aquino himself, scion of
the country’s most powerful dynasty, which has produced two presidents
(the incumbent and his mother, former President Cory Aquino).
Casiño lamented the fate of the antidynasty bills being killed in
Congress. How can the bills be reported out to the floor after the
President has stubbornly refused to certify them as urgent legislation?
Angara replied that Casiño’s definition does not apply to him
because his father, outgoing Sen. Edgardo Angara, is retiring in June
after serving in the Senate for 24 years. “Everyone must be given equal
opportunity to serve,” the younger Angara said. But voters, he said,
should not elect him because of his family name but because of his track
record.
The six other candidates in the forum were former Bukidnon Rep.
Juan Miguel Zubiri of the opposition United Nationalist Alliance, Bro.
Eddie Villanueva of Bangon Pilipinas, Rizalito David of Ang Kapatiran
Party, Mary Grace Poe of Team PNoy, Samson Alcantara of the Social
Justice Society, and independent Ricardo Penson.
Charter definition
According to Alcantara, there is no need to define what a
political dynasty is because the Constitution is clear that “political
dynasties are prohibited, whether they are good or bad.”
David and Penson agreed that the Constitution had already
sufficiently defined what a political dynasty was. But they pointed out
that the constitutional prohibition had not been implemented because the
electorate had kept on voting the wrong officials into office.
Villanueva reiterated his earlier position that no one should be
discriminated against in serving the country through the government
because of his or her family name, so long as he or she is competent and
of good moral standing.
A religious leader, Villanueva has a son, Joel, who is chief of
the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority, a government
agency.
Casiño, David, Penson and Alcantara, a lawyer, are against political dynasties.
Zubiri made a pitch for a broad public health care system
subsidized by the state. He belongs to a political family in Bukidnon.
He is the son of Bukidnon Gov. Juan Zubiri Jr. and the younger brother
of Bukidnon Rep Jose Ma. Zubiri III. He contended that there are scions
of political clans who have excelled and surpassed the performance of
their parents and grandparents.
Underrepresented
Zubiri took pains to point out that his region, Mindanao, is
grossly underrepresented on the two main contending tickets. It is
represented only by him and Sen. Aquilino Pimentel III of the dynasty
founded by former Sen. Aquilino Pimentel Jr.
Dynastic lineage runs across interlocking party lines. None of
the two alignments can claim superiority in being able to push
antidynasty legislation in the next Congress. Both are blighted on this
issue.
There is no more ironic setting for the third Inquirer Senate
forum than Cebu. As the campaign heated up, I observed that the walls in
the city were plastered with election posters that carried the pictures
of candidates from Cebu’s political dynasties.
Among the cities or ethnic regions of the country, Cebu has the
most political dynasties. The posters carry the names of families that
have ruled the region since the turn of the 20th century—the Osmeñas,
Duranos, Garcias, Sottos and Cuencos.
According to a study by Bobby Tuazon of the Center of People
Empowerment in Governance, 94 percent of the provinces (73 out of a
total of 80) have political dynasties. The average number of political
families per province is 2.31. Cebu accounts for at least six. Whether
the density of dynasties has made Cebu more democratic and more
economically progressive is an issue that calls for further academic
research.
